Zilch: The Final Score of Atheism
Sometimes a series of comments on a blog post diverts far from the original point of the post. I confess that I sometimes (often?) help this because I enjoy philosophical discussions that are usually tangential to the point of a post. One such instance occurred between Zilch and me on this post which was originally about Steve’s response to Avalos on the Legend of Sargon.
I had written a response this weekend to Zilch’s last comment, but decided not to post it since the original post has dropped off into blog purgatory (i.e. no longer on the main page) and because we had moved on to other topics, but because Zilch has been one of the few atheists who doesn’t resort to only bombastic drivel and because he asked me to respond to his last post I will post my response here. I encourage readers who are interested to click the above referenced link and read through our discussion up to this point before responding.
Zilch wrote:
What you seem to be saying- and this seems to be a common position among Christians- is that my life as an atheist is meaningless because it only lasts a certain amount of time, and then I die. Is this a fair appraisal?
That’s incomplete. Instead, more accurately, what I am saying is: Within atheism, life is meaningless because the only thing that can give it meaning is the individuals who live their lives, and when they die all their meaning vanishes with them.
This differs from Christianity because for the Christian meaning in life does not come from our subjective assignment of meaning to it, but from God’s assigning meaning to it. While our lives are short and temporal, God is eternal. As such, our lives (even atheists’ lives) have meaning in God’s plan, and this meaning transcends the lives of human beings. And this is the key difference that I was seeking to make. Under Christianity, meaning in life is objective (for us); under atheism, it is subjective (for us). Under either position, once the subject passes away, there is no longer any meaning left. The difference is that for the Christian God (the subject) will never pass away, and His immutability guarantees He will never change His mind on the value of our lives either.
As a result, holding to meaning and value in our lives is a consistent factor for Christians. It is not so for atheists, however. In other words, saying that our lives are meaningful requires one to adapt a view like the Christian’s view; it is not possible to state this under atheism.
Zilch wrote:
One, you are assuming the truth of your position in positing how my position must be for me. An atheist who somehow believed that an afterlife existed, but that he was missing out because of his atheism, might feel this way; but since most atheists don’t believe in an afterlife, this is not how we look at it. This time on Earth is the time we have, for better or for worse: the fact that believers are looking forward to more doesn’t make us feel that what we have is meaningless in comparison, because we don’t believe there is anything more.
Hopefully you can see that I was not assuming the truth of Christianity and positing from it how atheism must be with my above clarification of the point I was making. Indeed, whether there is an afterlife or not is ultimately irrelevant to my position that Christianity gives life meaning while atheism cannot do so. In Christianity, meaning is based on God, not on our lives or our afterlives.
Furthermore, Zilch phrased his argument in relative terms. That is: “the fact that believers are looking forward to more doesn’t make us feel that what we have is meaningless in comparison” (italics mine). But what is at issue is not the comparison between atheism and Christianity here, but whether atheism can—of itself—hold the grounds to meaning in life. And here we see that Zilch acknowledges: “This time on Earth is the time we have, for better or worse.” More importantly than that, all the meaning that we can possibly have in our lives (as atheists) is just for “the time we have.” That meaning cannot extend beyond our subjective will, our desire to create meaning. When we die, that desire is gone. Our meaning is gone. There is no purpose for our life beyond the purpose we say is there.
To put it another way, the universe has no meaning, no purpose, no value in and of itself. It is therefore left for us to arbitrarily decree that it is really there (but if we are decreeing something there that really isn’t there, then we are deluded). Our decree is only as good as we are. We come from nothing and we will pass into nothing. Our decrees do not last beyond our own scope. Therefore, our decrees are dust in the wind. No matter how much we wish that the universe was meaningful, it will never conform to our wishes. It will remain as it is. Our job (as proper atheists, mind you) ought to be to embrace reality and avoid superstition. And that requires us to reject meaning as a psychological prop.
Zilch said:
Two: while it’s true that some atheists find the shortness of our lives grounds for declaring that everything is meaningless (J.P. Sartre comes to mind), most of us don’t.
Actually, it is not the shortness of our lives that creates the meaninglessness (per se), but rather it is the fact that that which gives our lives meaning (our subjective will) is not eternal. The shortness of life is only relevant because when we die, so too dies what gives our life meaning. Our lives could be increased tenfold, or a hundredfold, or any finite number and you will not escape the meaninglessness of it all. When you die, there is nothing left to make your life meaningful. Nor is there anything left to have made your past life meaningful either (example: is Caesar’s life meaningful today? How much less so the life of a commoner in the slums of Rome!)
Zilch said:
In fact, for me and many others, it is the awareness that we are only here briefly that makes every day precious and full of meaning.
Except that, once again, it is only precious and meaningful in a subjective sense; and once you die, it is no longer precious or meaningful. Furthermore, since you no longer exist, it never was meaningful or precious. Indeed, from the cosmic time scale, you’re just a blip on the screen. You came from nothing and you’ll continue into nothing. In the meantime, what you accomplish boils down to nothing.
Zilch said:
Since we don’t believe in a God who is the absolute source of meaning, we must find our own meanings.
The problem is not that you must “find” your own meaning, but rather that the atheist must manufacture meaning out of meaninglessness. He must manufacture purpose out of that which has no purpose. He must manufacture value out of that which has no value. It is not like these things exist in the universe waiting to be discovered. Not at all. In atheism, they do not exist at all. Not until someone wills them into existence. And even then, they can only be subjectively held.
And it is at this point that the atheist, under the presuppositions of atheism, is no longer viewing the universe objectively at all. He has subjectively decided to infuse into the universe that which is not there. He has deluded himself. And at this point, his contention with theists becomes bitterly ironic. “Theists are deluded into thinking God exists so they can have some meaning in their life” the atheist will claim, all the while ignoring the fact that he has deluded himself into thinking his life has meaning based on his sheer will alone. At best, the atheist can be on no better rational ground than the theist when it comes to delusional behavior regarding meaning!
Zilch said:
In fact, the idea held by many fundamentalists of several religions, that our earthly sojourn is meaningless in comparison to the afterlife, or only meaningful insofar as it is a test that must be passed, is a great source of danger to the planet.
Unfortunately, atheism does not allow an atheist to make this claim. There is no “danger” to the planet because the only way for there to be danger would be if there was something of value to be lost. But the universe came from nothing and will return to nothing–no matter what you do. There is no value in the universe except that which we pretend is there. So the danger is not to the planet, but rather to what Zilch wishes the planet to be like. And it is all good and well for Zilch to have desires about what the planet should be like, but his atheism gives him no grounds for stating that his views are better or worse than those of the fundamentalist; and indeed, if the fundamentalist views atheism as a danger to the planet, then whose word do we take? We’ve already seen that under atheism, both religious meaning and non-religious meaning are devoid of objective correlation to the universe. This extends to values as well. There is no inherent value in anything in the universe. What do we have left?
This brings me back to something Zilch said at the beginning of his response:
I am interested in peaceful coexistence on our planet; and since it looks like neither religion nor atheism is going away any time in the near future, I do what I can to find common ground. This includes bringing my satanic, er, I mean secular humanistic viewpoint to the table, as a small contribution towards making the world a better place for my children. After all, people of all beliefs are capable of doing great good or great evil.
Unfortunately, there is no way that Zilch can make “the world a better place” for his, or anyone else’s, children. In order to use the term “better” he would have to be able to substantiate how the universe ought to be, which he cannot do (there is no “oughtness” apart from purpose). Likewise, he cannot label any actions of people as “good” or “evil” either. Not unless all these terms are simply subjective declarations. And if that’s all they are, they lose any bit of force they had, for why should Zilch’s subjective whims be the rule we go by? But more importantly, the demise of the Earth is inevitable; how we get there is ultimately unimportant. After all, the final score is the same regardless of how the game is played. There is no point in keeping track of it.






September 10th, 2008 at 4:35 am
First of all, Peter (or Calvin?)- thanks for the polite and clear reply. I actually agree with much of what you have said here about atheism- but not all of it; and I certainly don’t feel constrained to come to your conclusions about the logical necessity of its nihilism. I don’t have enough time to respond to all of the points here as thoroughly as they deserve (the beginning of the school year is a busy time for me), but I’ll see what I can do.
I said:
You replied:
I see two differences here in how we regard meaning: one, which we agree upon, is that meaning is not eternal for atheists. The other is your claim that meaning is subjective for atheists, and objective (you don’t say “objective” in this quote, but later on) for Christians. Fair enough so far?
For you, alone the fact that meaning is not eternal for atheists means that it is not real:
“… it [life for atheists] is only precious and meaningful in a subjective sense; and once you die, it is no longer precious or meaningful. Furthermore, since you no longer exist, it never was meaningful or precious.”
But why does the fact that I no longer exist after my death mean that my life never was meaningful or precious? If I consider my life to be meaningful and precious now, while I live, who can say that it is not? Once again, you are assuming the truth of your position in analyzing how mine must be for me. You are in no position, however, to say that my life is not meaningful or precious to me while I live. Or do you have some inside knowledge of my heart?
Your last couple of sentences say the same thing:
Again, you are assuming that the evanescence of our lives here renders them meaningless. As I said, that might be so for you, but it’s not for me, and what we are talking about here is how it must be for me.
But this is just a side issue. The main difference in our viewpoints is expressed by you here:
This sounds a little like the typical creationist appeal to incredulity about abiogenesis, and it is actually closely related. Just as the creationist starts from the standpoint that life has some sort of élan vital that requires a Creator, you assume that meaning, and value, and purpose, are all kinds of elemental qualities that can only be willed into existence by an intelligence. And I differ with you, for the same reason: yes, the Universe as a whole has no meaning, just as the Universe as a whole is not alive. But there are parts of the Universe that are alive, and have meaning, because they have evolved. You may disagree here, but again, this current discussion is about what atheism must logically entail for atheists, not about what you believe to be true.
Here we come to the core problem- you conclude:
Here again, you are taking for granted a viewpoint I do not share: that there exist such things as absolute “subjectivity” and “objectivity”, and that “subjectivity” is powerless to say anything about purpose, or good and evil, that is not just a “whim” with “no force”. In my worldview, “objectivity” and “subjectivity” are also evolved entities (they only exist where life exists, and thus have evolved with life). They are not separate opposites, but directions along a continuum. For instance, my understanding of the laws of physics is pretty “objective”, my taste in music is pretty “subjective”.
Morals are somewhere in between: since they are also evolved entities, and have played a role in our differential reproductive success (they have increased our evolutionary fitness), they are not arbitrary, any more than our ability to, say, spit out bitter foods is arbitrary: good and evil are partially our genetic heritage of being social animals, which evolved in the biosphere; and partly our cultural heritage of patterns that work, more or less, to build societies, which evolved in the ideosphere. As such, they show a fair amount of variability across cultures (for instance, in what clothing is deemed appropriate), but also a fair amount of similarity (most cultures deem murder within the tribe to be bad). Religion is also an evolved entity (you are probably getting tired of all these “evolved entities”, but that’s the way I see it), which is a combination of hard-won wisdom of rules that work (more or less well), stories to make the rules easier to learn and understand, and a carrot-and-stick wielding God behind the scenes to cajole and threaten obedience to the rules.
I’m sure that you and I have many areas of broad agreement about what is right and wrong, and while you might attribute that to a God who works in both of us, my explanation is an evolutionary one. While this may be hard for you to believe, I feel no reason to despair at having a limited time here, or at not having an absolute objective source for my morality. I can well appreciate the attractiveness of a worldview that includes eternal life and a guidebook to morality, but since I don’t believe in either one, I don’t feel I’m missing out on anything.
cheers from sunny Vienna, zilch
September 10th, 2008 at 10:53 pm
BTW, I’ve responded to Zilch’s comment on the Triablogue version of this post, since comments are easier to manage over there. :-)