“Behold, my eye has seen all this,
my ear has heard and understood it.
What you know, I also know;
I am not inferior to you.
But I would speak to the Almighty,
and I desire to argue my case with God.
As for you, you whitewash with lies;
worthless physicians are you all.
Oh that you would keep silent,
and it would be your wisdom!
Hear now my argument
and listen to the pleadings of my lips.
Will you speak falsely for God
and speak deceitfully for him?
Will you show partiality toward him?
Will you plead the case for God?
Will it be well with you when he searches you out?
Or can you deceive him, as one deceives a man?
He will surely rebuke you
if in secret you show partiality.
Will not his majesty terrify you,
and the dread of him fall upon you?
Your maxims are proverbs of ashes;
your defenses are defenses of clay.
“Let me have silence, and I will speak,
and let come on me what may.
Why should I take my flesh in my teeth
and put my life in my hand?
Though he slay me, I will hope in him;
yet I will argue my ways to his face.
This will be my salvation,
that the godless shall not come before him.
Keep listening to my words,
and let my declaration be in your ears.
Behold, I have prepared my case;
I know that I shall be in the right.
Who is there who will contend with me?
For then I would be silent and die.
Only grant me two things,
then I will not hide myself from your face:
withdraw your hand far from me,
and let not dread of you terrify me.
Then call, and I will answer;
or let me speak, and you reply to me.
How many are my iniquities and my sins?
Make me know my transgression and my sin.
Why do you hide your face
and count me as your enemy?
Will you frighten a driven leaf
and pursue dry chaff?
For you write bitter things against me
and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth.
You put my feet in the stocks
and watch all my paths;
you set a limit for the soles of my feet.
Man wastes away like a rotten thing,
like a garment that is moth-eaten.
“Man who is born of a woman
is few of days and full of trouble.
He comes out like a flower and withers;
he flees like a shadow and continues not.
And do you open your eyes on such a one
and bring me into judgment with you?
Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean?
There is not one.
Since his days are determined,
and the number of his months is with you,
and you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass,
look away from him and leave him alone,
that he may enjoy, like a hired hand, his day.
“For there is hope for a tree,
if it be cut down, that it will sprout again,
and that its shoots will not cease.
Though its root grow old in the earth,
and its stump die in the soil,
yet at the scent of water it will bud
and put out branches like a young plant.
But a man dies and is laid low;
man breathes his last, and where is he?
As waters fail from a lake
and a river wastes away and dries up,
so a man lies down and rises not again;
till the heavens are no more he will not awake
or be roused out of his sleep.
Oh that you would hide me in Sheol,
that you would conceal me until your wrath be past,
that you would appoint me a set time, and remember me!
If a man dies, shall he live again?
All the days of my service I would wait,
till my renewal should come.
You would call, and I would answer you;
you would long for the work of your hands.
For then you would number my steps;
you would not keep watch over my sin;
my transgression would be sealed up in a bag,
and you would cover over my iniquity.
“But the mountain falls and crumbles away,
and the rock is removed from its place;
the waters wear away the stones;
the torrents wash away the soil of the earth;
so you destroy the hope of man.
You prevail forever against him, and he passes;
you change his countenance, and send him away.
His sons come to honor, and he does not know it;
they are brought low, and he perceives it not.
He feels only the pain of his own body,
and he mourns only for himself” (Job 13-14 ESV).
Job continues his response. After focusing on the sovereignty of God in the previous chapter, he now indicates that he still trusts God.
Question 1: What are the propositions of the passage?
1) Job declares he is not inferior to his friends and knows what he speaks of.
2) Job wishes an audience with God to argue his case.
3) Job accuses his friends of whitewashing lies.
4) He calls them worthless physicians.
5) Job wishes they would keep silent, and says silence would be wisdom.
6) He longs for them to listen to his argument.
7) Job asks rhetorical questions indicating that his friends are speaking lies as if it were on behalf of God.
8) Job points out that they cannot plead the case for God.
9) He points out that it will be bad for his friends when God searches them out.
10) This is partly because they cannot deceive God like they can deceive a man.
11) Job says God will rebuke them if they show partiality.
12) He asks if they do not fear God.
13) He says their words are “proverbs of ashes” and “defenses of clay.”
14) Job asks for silence so that he might speak.
15) After he speaks, he is prepared for whatever the results may be.
16) He asks why he should put his life in his hand.
17) Job maintains that even if God kills him, he will still hope in God.
18) Even with such hope, he will still argue his case to God’s face.
19) Job maintains his salvation is secure because the godless cannot come before God, indicating that he has not rejected God even now.
20) Job against asks for silence so that his friends will listen.
21) Job has prepared a case.
22) He knows he is in the right.
23) Job asks who would contend with him, indicating no one can do so.
24) Job says that if it were possible to disprove his case, he would be silent and die.
25) Job asks that God withdraws His hand and cease to terrify him.
26) If that happens, Job would answer God.
27) Job asks to know what his sins are.
28) He asks why God hides His face and considers Job an enemy.
29) Once more, Job points out that God is causing the pain and suffering he is going through.
30) Job points out that man is impure, like “a rotten thing.”
31) Man’s days are few and full of trouble.
32) Job asks why God brings judgment upon him.
33) Job asks who can bring a clean thing out of something unclean, and answers “there is not one” who can.
34) Job says man’s days “are determined” and that “the number of his months is with” God, and that God has “appointed his limits that he cannot pass.”
35) Job asks, therefore, that God leave man alone that he may enjoy his day, like a hired hand.
36) Job uses the imagery of a tree that has been cut down, speaking of how there is still hope that it may sprout again.
37) He contrasts that with man, who dies and is no more.
38) Job uses the image of a dried up lake to show what happens to a dead man.
39) Job longs to be in the grave (Sheol), concealed until God’s wrath is past.
40) Job points out that man does not live again after he dies.
41) He says he’d wait through all his toil until he is renewed.
42) Job’s renewal would be when God “would not keep watch over [his] sin” and when his “transgression would be sealed up in a bag” so that God “would cover over [his] iniquity.”
43) Yet just as the mountain and rocks are destroyed through erosion, so Job claims God destroys the hope of man.
44) Job says God prevails forever against man.
45) What happens to a man’s sons are unknown to the man because he feels only his own pain.
Question 2: What does this passage teach about God?
There are some things that Job says that do not fit what we know from the rest of the narrative of the book. For instance, Job is convinced that God is his enemy at the moment, even though we know that is not case. That Job still hopes in a God whom he now believes is his enemy, however, is somewhat difficult to understand. At one point, he even says: “Though he slay me, I will hope in him.”
Naturally, we know that God does not want to slay Job—He has specifically forbidden Satan from taking Job’s life. Yet even that mistake on Job’s part helps show that Job had a rich faith, and while we do not have all that information presented yet, there must be something about God that Job has already experienced that results in that hope.
Question 3: What does this passage teach about man?
Again we see the devastating effect that Job’s three friends have had on him. Job here calls them liars who would even try to deceive God. His anger toward them is certainly justifiable from our human perspectives, given that we know the innocence of Job.
Job also longs to plead his case before God. This expresses a very human tendency. It is very easy to slip into a defensive stance, to try to justify ourselves when we are wronged. Of course, this extends to cover even the times that we only think we have been wronged too. But it is understandable for us to see Job wanting his vindication.
Overview of Job So Far
Before we continue with the commentary on Job, we are now at a point where we can take a bird’s-eye view of the book so far. While it may be a little repetitive, the repetition itself indicates what the author of Job considered to be important. Furthermore, looking at the structure of the story so far can also be illuminative.
First, let us look once more at the structure. As you recall, the first two chapters (constituting the prologue) had this structure:
A. Job is blameless.
B. Job goes through a trial (family and possessions destroyed).
A. Job remains blameless.
B. Job goes through another trial (his health destroyed).
A. Job remains blameless.
Thus we see a cycle of increasing trial, but Job remaining steadfast. Then his three friends arrive, and we find this new cycle:
C. Job laments and longs for death.
D. Eliphaz gives a gentle rebuke.
C. Job defends himself, laments, and longs for death.
D. Bildad gives a strong rebuke.
C. Job defends himself, laments, and longs for death.
D. Zophar gives a scathing rebuke.
C. Job defends himself, laments, and longs for death—but still has hope in God.
As we shall soon see, this cycle will itself occur in a cycle (but I won’t say too much on that yet, as we are still going through the “blank slate” view of Job). Some things that we can note from this cycle is that the C parts (i.e., Job’s responses) tend to be much longer than the D parts (i.e., his friend’s statements). Most of the D sections are single chapters, while the C sections are two or three chapters long.
Furthermore, we see that the D sections are intensifying in the level of the rebuke given toward Job. This manifests itself in the way that more and more emphasis is shifted toward blaming Job for his circumstances. While Eliphaz begins gently, it is obvious that each of the friends assumes that Job has sinned greatly for what is happening to him. It does not occur to any of them that Job is telling the truth when he insists he is in the right. Indeed, it may be that Job’s insistence on his innocence is provoking his friends to increase their rebuke. It is probable that had Job agreed with Eliphaz from the start and said he was deserving of what he was receiving, the other friends would not have piled on as strongly. Of course, Job could not admit to what was false, and as a result his friends appear to need all the more to pull him down.
Job’s defenses follow a similar track. They begin with fairly straightforward claims of innocence, but then more further and further into accusations toward God and demanding answers from the LORD. As a result, both the C and D sections are escalating, even as they cycle over the same material.
One thing that does separate Job from his friends is that Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar talk about God—but Job also talks to God. This shows us that Job’s faith is quite strong even as he longs for death.
It is also interesting the each of the characters, including Job and even God Himself, maintain that God is the one who is causing the disasters. On that, they agree. The only disagreement is on why God is doing that, with Job’s three friends assuming Job must be guilty of some sin and Job believing God will punish both innocent and guilty alike. We know, on the other hand, that God was doing this for a different reason—namely, He was doing this because Job was righteous and his faith was not based on any blessings God had given him. God was demonstrating that first to Satan, but then also to us who would read the text.
Remember again that this is the first revelation God has given to man in Scripture. This is how God wanted to be known first. This is not the way the majority of modern Christians would have chosen to have God reveal Himself. In fact, the majority of modern Christians would probably prefer that Job was not even in the Bible, because it so clashes with their other beliefs. But if you want to be a Biblically-based Christian with a competent worldview, you must find some way to square your theology with what happens in Job. If you cannot do so, then that is probably a good indication that your theology is man-centered instead of Bible-centered.